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CH-6: The Circulatory System

 

Q7. Give reason for the following.

a) The oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart does not get mixed?

Answer: 

The heart has four chambers two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. The one-way valves present in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, so, O2  rich and CO 2  rich blood can not be mixed.

b) A person with blood group O is called a universal donor.

Answer: People with type O- blood are called universal donors because their donated red blood cells have no A, B, or Rh antigens and can therefore be safely given to people of any blood group. ... Their plasma does not contain A or B antibodies and can be transfused safely to all blood types.

c) A person with blood group AB is called a universal recipient.

Answer: 

Blood type AB is considered a universal recipient because individuals who have blood type AB do not have the antibodies. They do not have the anti- A or anti- B antibodies and has both A and B antigen on the RBC. Thus a person with blood group AB is called a universal recipient.

d) For blood transfusion, the RBC antigens of the donor and recipients should match. 

Answer: To avoid a transfusion reaction, donated blood must be compatible with the blood of the patient who is receiving the transfusion. More specifically, the donated RBCs must lack the same ABO and Rh D antigens that the patient's RBCs lack. For example, a patient with blood group A can receive blood from a donor with blood group A (which lacks the B antigen) or blood group O (which lacks all ABO blood group antigens). However, they cannot receive blood from a donor with blood group B or AB (which both have the B antigen).


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Human Heart Structure and Functions


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