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 Q4. Define the following terms. a)  Element  -   An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by any physical or chemical means into simpler substances. b) Compound -  A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. In   mixtures , the substances present are not chemically bonded together. c) Chemical symbols -  A chemical symbol is a notation of one or two letters representing a   chemical   element .   A  chemical symbol   is a shorthand method of representing an element. Instead of writing out the name of an element, we represent an element name with one or two letters. d) Chemical formula -  A   compound   is a substance made up of a definite proportion of two or more elements. A   chemical formula   tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in...

  1. What is object-oriented programming? Explain four basic principles of              OOP with suitable examples. ANS:  Object-oriented programming combines a group of data attributes with functions or methods into a unit called an "object." Typically, OOP languages are class-based, which means that a class defines the data attributes and functions as a blueprint for creating objects, which are instances of the class. Popular class-based OOP languages include Java, Python, and C++. Multiple independent objects may be instantiated—or represented—from the same class and interact with each other in complex ways. Object-oriented programming has four basic concepts: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Even if these concepts seem incredibly complex, understanding the general framework of how they work will help you understand the basics of an OOP computer program. Below, we outline these four basic principles and what they ...

  Edward Jenner   Also known as the “Father of Immunology”, Edward Anthony Jenner was an English scientist and is famous for his discovery of the smallpox vaccine. This was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the fatal smallpox disease. His discovery was an enormous medical breakthrough and has saved countless lives. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox an eliminated disease. Early Life and Career Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749, in Berkely, Gloucestershire, England. His father (who died when Edward was just five years old) was a preacher for the parish. He received his training at Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire for seven years as an apprentice to Daniel Ludlow (a surgeon). During his training, an interesting thing happened that led to his famous discovery in later years. He overheard a girl say that she could not get the dreaded smallpox disease because she had already had anot...